The Abolition Of Slavery By Francis Ellen Watkins Harper

The Abolishment of Slavery As slavery moved past the 13th Amendment, two African American men found themselves sitting in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1866. This is the first time a black representative has participated in this branch of American government. President Johnson meets with a delegation headed by Fredrick Douglas to discuss the issue of black suffrage. So many things are happening in such a short period of time. African Americans are getting involved with experiencing their freedom. The U.S. Army creates a black cavalry and infantry regiments. One year later Congress gave blacks the right to vote in Washington, D.C. In 1870 the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, securing the right to vote for black adult males. Also for the first time, African Americans were listed by name in the U.S. Census. Francis Ellen Watkins Harper was a voice to be heard for African American women early on as she distinguished herself as a poet, teacher, and abolition ist. After the Civil War, she became a staunch advocate of women’s suffrage and a supporter of the 15th Amendment, which set her at odds with the suffragist Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In this discussion at the May 1869 American Equal Rights Association meeting, Harper argues for ratification of the 15th Amendment. (Exploring American History Document 14.3, Page 439) The ex-slaves did experience some freedom, at times some of the Southern States could not completely put

Caesar, Hannibal, and Alexander the Great Essay - 1269 Words

It was the leadership of Caesar, Alexander, and Hannibal that heavily influenced the Roman society, the ancient world, and the western civilization. Ambition drove Alexander the Great to conquer the unconquered, propelled Caesar to the top of the political spectrum with no birthright, and helped Hannibal defeat a dominent society in the ancient world. It was Julius Caesars successful military tactics, his drive to the top of the political society, and his succession without the right, privilege, and possession to which a person is entitled to by birth. Alexander, and Hannibal proved to be superior leaders, and military geniuses, but above all Julius Caesar was the greater of the three. Great military intellectuals pursed forward in†¦show more content†¦He seized a shield from a soldier in the rear ranks, pushed his way to the front, called upon centurions by name, then sounded the charge. The mere gesture revived his men and made them surge forward. At the end of the day, The Nervii were hacked to pieces.[3] Caesars compassion and intelligence shined through. This exposed that Julius Caesar cared for his troops, by taking the time and effort to support his men by assisting them in a battle, and an effort to remember centurions names to move them onward. The intelligence of these great military leaders impacted and determined there success, but Julius Caesars presence on the battle field not only struck fear in the enemy but instilled so high a moral boost that victory could be snatched out of the jaws of defeat. Ambition is a driving factor, that impels a being to be successful, conquer the unconquered, and achieve never ending glory. Alexanders ambition drove him to achieve a past generations goal, Alexander â€Å"now took on a project the Philip had planned but never carried out: an invasion of Persia†[4] Alexander was ambitious to implement this task that was not attained by his deceased father. Undeniably after subduing Greece, dominating Indian territories at the Hydespas River, and pursing through Persia, Alexander still wanted to push onward. Hannibal on the other hand, was driven toShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Power, Ambition, Glory Essay examples1516 Words   |  7 PagesSynopsis Power, Ambition, Glory analyzes great leaders in history and links similarities with leaders of today. Great leaders such as Cyrus the Great, Alexander the Great, Hannibal of Carthage, Julius Caesar and Augustus bear a striking resemblance to characteristics that we see from current business leaders. The historical leader’s leadership style and results that followed give insight into effective management. Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great saw no boundaries for his conquest. WhileRead MoreAlexander the Great: the Man, the Life, the Legacy Essay example1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great: The Man, the Life, the Legacy History is full of remarkable characters. 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January 21st of the following year, Hanni bal was publicly sworn into office and executed his first executive order that very day†¦ War. Hannibal belonged to a new international political party known as The Group. The Group was a party consisting entirely of wealthy business men and ownersRead MoreHannibal and the Second Punic War Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesHannibal, son of Hamilcar, was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented military commander in history. In his early life he was made to swear oath of hatred against Rome, which lead him into starting the Second Punic war. During this time he transformed Carthage from being a lowly place into a military superpower. 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Machiavelli exemplifies the fact that Alexander the Great imitated Achilles; Caesar imitated Alexander; and so â€Å"The prince must read history, studying the actions of eminent men to see how they conducted themselves...†(49) saying learn from others and one will succeed. Therefore a good leader, is a strong military leaderRead MoreWorld History Final Exam Study Guide1374 Words   |  6 Pageswings of wax to get himself and son out of prison, son flies to high to the sun, wings melt, and he crashes to the sea. Moral: always listen to your eld ers Pantheon of Greek Gods: temple of all the Roman Gods, rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian Alexander: Alexander the King; king of Macedonia; conquered Persian Empire Homer and the Iliad: Long poem telling the story of the Trojan War Sparta v. Athens: Sparta was about fighting; trained soldiers from young age to fight; men and women were pretty much

Ambrose Bierce’s World Free Essays

American Literature has had many different and dynamic styles of writing throughout its relatively short history. It seems though that we remember the writers who style and world intrigued us the most. The ones who people never really knew what the author was thinking or why he was writing what he was. We will write a custom essay sample on Ambrose Bierce’s World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The writers who wrote the gothic and almost scary stories of the late 19th century stick out in many peoples mind. Many people recall Edgar Allen Poe, but the other Author that may not get as much attention is Ambrose Bierce. He has a very distinct style to create an even more distinct world for his stories. The world that Ambrose Bierce creates is one of despair and uncertainty, where his characters always seem to have a fate that they would rather not fulfill. His characters always seem to have a bad outcome and a hopeless end. â€Å"An Arrest† is a short story that Ambrose Bierce wrote that falls into his world of despair perfectly. The first sentence of this short story goes as follows, â€Å"Having murdered his brother-in-law, Orrin Brower of Kentucky was a fugitive from justice†. Already after the first sentence Bierce shows you that the character is already doomed. Also Bierce shows us with this first sentence that Orrin was trying to avoid his fate. Ambrose goes on to explain that the fugitive escaped the county jail by hitting a guard with an iron pipe. He also tells us why Orrin had escaped the jail; he escaped because he was awaiting trial. By Bierce telling the reader that Orrin was awaiting trial for murder and escapes, he is showing us that he is desperate and trying to escape his fate. It does not take Bierce long to create his world and he knows very well how to do it. A second story that demonstrates Ambrose Bierce’s world is â€Å"A Wireless Message†. This story really outlines the uncertainty and confusion that lives in the writing world of Ambrose. The story opens up with Bierce telling us that William Holt, the main character, has just recently moved to New York from Chicago in the last year. The main reason why William has moved was that him and his wife where having troubles. It’s not a bad reason but the way Bierce tells us this is how he starts to create his world. Ambrose simply just tells us â€Å"Mr. Holt had had trouble with his wife†. He uses this line to start to create his world by only giving us a little bit of information; he leaves us confused and uncertain. Bierce hadn’t told us how much his wife meant to him or what kind of troubles they were having, all he does is leave us with questions to be asked. Ambrose Bierce is good at creating confusion and uncertainty in his world and stories. The examples from the short stories of Ambrose Bierce are only the tip of the iceberg in how he creates his world as a writer. His world is always one that has despair or some sort of confusion and a great style that makes his stories very successful. Ambrose Bierce also always seems to have an awful and hopeless ending for his characters. As American Literature continues to be studied so will the authors who’s styles interest us the most and Bierce is just one of those many great Authors. How to cite Ambrose Bierce’s World, Essay examples

Gas Station Financial Model

Question: Discuss about the Gas Station Financial Model. Answer: Introduction: Pattack Gas Station will be retailing gasoline; petrol, diesel and motor vehicle lubricants to ensure we offer the best to our esteemed customers. It will run a convenience store, vulcanizing services, car wash and garage for automated wheel balancing, alignment and other related automobile repair services. Employees at Pattack gas station will offer high quality services to all customers. This will be facilitated by the application of the Customer Relationship management software which will enable us to manage one on one relationship with our customers no matter how large the number may grow. Customers will also be involved while making business decisions which may affect them either directly or indirectly. Gas Station facilities Pattack gas station facility area will sit on a space of 3000m2. The facility will be a one storey building with electric rooms. The storey building will have one office room, one hall which will host the convenience store and toilets for both male and females. The gas station will have two islands with canopies. One will have 3 petrol filling stations and another with 2 diesel filling stations. There will be two underground tanks; one will be the storage for the petrol filling tanks while one will be separated into two parts; diesel and unleaded 91 in one and the other part for unleaded 95. Pattack Gas Station will have 9 car parking lots at the filling area, 4 car parks in front of the convenience store building. The will be 2 car entrances and 1 exit which connects directly to the road network infrastructure. Green grass will surround the gas station. Products and Services Pattack gas station has designed products and services which will meet demand of our customers. The product and services offered will also maximize profits of the gas station. Pattack will retail gas in form of diesel and petrol. It will also offer automotive services such as repairs, car wash and general car maintenance. The gas station will also provide wheel alignment, wheel balancing and vulcanizing services to our esteemed customers. The convenience store at the gas station facility will sell groceries, soft drinks and snacks. Risks and Constraints Gas stations are very prone to losses in terms of fire. Many banks and lenders are not willing to finance such start-ups since the risks involved are too major (Corn, 1996). This brings the finance constraint. The risks involved are too big that workers are not willing to risk their lives to work as pump attendants. This brings in labor constraints in the business which is very detrimental to the performance of any business. Personnel plan Pattack gas station is expected to create a lot of employment opportunities for the region. The gas station has two departments which all require a subsequent number of employees. The gas station and automobile services department is expected to employ around twenty employees. Eight employees will be in-charge of the fuel pumps while the rest will be working at the garage, car wash and automobile services station. The convenient store on the other hand will employ around twelve employees. There will be four cashiers and eight shop attendants to man the store. This expects to be a total of around 32 employees in Pattack gas station. Capital Investment The initial capital investment required to finance Pattack gas station startup is $3,855,647.34. This money will be raised from investing $1,400,000 of personal savings, guaranteeing a loan of $1,500,000 with personal assets. In addition, an interest free loan of $1,000,000 from family members will be obtained to be repaid within the first one year of business. The table containing the capital investment requirements is contained in the Appendix. Sales Forecast The sales forecast of the gas station is based on data gathered with reference to similar business in Pitt street Sidney, Australia. The position of the gas station is strategic and it will attract many clients together with our exemplary services which will help increase our income. Fuel sale profits Below is a projection of sales for Pattack gas station based on a similar business within the location. According to the current market price fuel and the expected services to be offered, below are the estimated sales for Pattack gas station. This is in comparison to the type of products and services we will be offering. First year in business.- $250,000 Second year .-$700,000 Third year .- $1,500,000 The fuel sales are forecasted to increase as the gas station remains in operation due to increase in the number of customers. However these projections will only be realized on the assumption that there will not be another gas station within 15,000km offering similar services to our facility. Convenience store The convenience store will serve as the supermarket or the main shopping centre for the region. Its sales will increase steadily as the neighborhood gets used to the new supermarket. It will offer both consumer goods for the population around the store and snacks to sell to fueling customers. The sales projections for the next three years: First year in business.- $500,000 Second year .-$850,000 Third year .- $1,700,000 The sales forecast for the convenience store are seen to double in the third year since the store is expected to be the main shopping centre for the area. Garage costs As the gas station remains in operation, its services such as the cash wash, automobile centre and the garage will gain additional customers. The quality of services offered in these departments will cater for all the clients needs. The sales will increase as the centre gains customers. The projected sales for the next four quarters are: First quarter in operation.- $50,000 Second quarter .-$250,000 Third quarter .- $400,000 Fourth quarter -$750,000 Maintenance cost The gas station is prone to depreciation due to adverse weather conditions. Wear and tear will be repaired at an expense borne to the gas station (Costello, 2010). The gas station will be maintained by a property management company to ensure all conditions in terms of cleanliness and physical structures are in good shape. Financial Plan Pattack gas station has established a financial plan which will aim at maximizing profits in the gas station together with the convenient store. The plan ensures the two sectors generate enough income from the basic fueling and auto-services products and the complimentary services. The gas station will be divided into two sectors; the gas station facility and the convenience store. The gas station financial income will be from retailing vehicle gas products, providing automotive services such as wheel balancing and alignment and the car wash. The convenience store will retail consumer goods and soft drinks and also be in charge of the parking space in the facility. Payment will be based on the customers preference. There will be payment in cash, POS machine, mobile money, online payment portal and Visa. This will make payment of services easier for all clients in the facility (Fletcher et al, 1996). Constraints for Financial model Lack of ample marketing will be the main source of loss of income to the facility. Inflation in the economy will greatly affect the business since it is also dependent on the economy (Frikha et al, 2013). Oil is a very rare commodity. Increase in prices occurs randomly which greatly affects the profitability of the gas station. The physical situation of the gas station will also affect its ability to earn financial income through attracting customers. Break-even Analysis Break even is where the gas station will be able to meet its current daily expenditure. The gas station must be able to pay its debt and other miscellaneous expenses without obtaining external financing (Marsh, 1975). Daily expenses that the gas station will face include payment of salaries to the personnel and meeting of miscellaneous expenses such as maintenance and repair costs. The convenience store should also be able to replenish its current stock for it to be deemed as to have broken even. Break even analysis table is contained in the appendix. Projected Profit and Loss During the first year of operation, the gas station will not realize the projected profits since it will be starting its operation. However, as the gas station continues to be in operation, the number of clients will increase thus increase in sales which will directly increase the business overall profitability (Smith, 2015). The table showing profit projections for the next 3 years is contained in the Appendix. Projected Cash Flow Calculation of NPV and IRR NPV and IRR Analysis Assume an Interest rate of 10% Year 0 1 2 3 $ 000 Cash flow (300) 110 450 850 PV factor 100% 91% 83% 75% PV of cash flow (300) 100.1 373 500 Cumulative PV (300) (190) 260 1110 Net Present Value 0 (200) 73 200 In this case the gas station will start to generate positive Net present value on the third year in business. However, the gas station business will not be ranked using IRR although the higher the rate the more suitable the business is to undertake. References Corn, J. (1996). The Gas Station in America . John A. Jakle , Keith A. Sculle.Winterthur Portfolio,31(1), 92-98. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/wp.31.1.4618539 Costello, K. (2010). How Regulators Should Use Natural Gas Price Forecasts.The Electricity Journal,23(7), 54-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2010.07.001 Fletcher, I., Cox, C., Arden, W., Doonan, A. (1996). Modelling of a two-stage high-pressure gas reduction station.Applied Mathematical Modelling,20(10), 741-749. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(96)00071-6 Frikha, N. Lemaire, V. (2013). Joint Modelling of Gas Spot Prices.Applied Mathematical Finance,20(1), 69-93. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350486x.2012.658220 Lamme, A., Jakle, J., Sculle, K. (1996). The Gas Station in America.Geographical Review,86(1), 122. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215152 Marsh, P. (1975). Financial Modelling.Managerial Finance,1(2), 146-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013354 Smith, K. (2015). The Financial Economic Risk in Financial Engineering Models.Wilmott,2015(79), 50-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10447 Waterman, M. (1948). Financial Management of Gas and Electric Utilities by the Securities and Exchange Commission.The Journal Of Finance,3(1), 41. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2975443.

Interview with Kent Larson, Vice President of Transmission, Xcel Energy free essay sample

Xcel Energy Xcel Energy is a leading electric and natural gas utility. Xcel Energy is an end to end provider of electricity. Electricity is provided from generation, to high voltage transmission, to distribution, to customer’s homes and businesses. Xcel Energy provides energy-related products and services to 3. 3 million electric and 1. 8 million natural gas customers. With regulated operations in eight states; Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin, revenues are more than $9 billion annually for the employer of 12,000. A commitment to the environment is vital to the core business practices of Xcel Energy. This strong environment focus has led Xcel Energy to become the number one provider of wind power in the country (Xcel Energy, 2008). Kent Larson is the Vice President of Transmission for Xcel Energy. In the organizational structure, Kent has twelve direct reports and over 2,000 employees report up through his direct reports. From those direct reports, he has six titled Directors of different aspects of substations, transmission, and design. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with Kent Larson, Vice President of Transmission, Xcel Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other six direct reports are of various rotational managers, administrative assistants, and governance. Kent directly reports to Paul Bonavia, the President of the Utilities Group, who reports to Dick Kelley, the Chairman, President, and CEO of Xcel Energy (Appendix 1). A unique management style can be derived from your past experience. Different experiences managers draw from should be used to motivate employees to encourage a high level of performance and achieve organizational goals (Jones George, 2008, p 62). Kent’s vast experience has led him to lead confidently based on his long list of positions held. Kent has held various positions throughout the company. He began his career as an electric designer, before moving into the role of an Operating Engineer in St. Paul. He then became involved in cost benefit analysis as a Traveling Engineer. From there, he became the Director of Outstate Construction, Operations, and Maintenance (ND, SD, Non-Metro MN) located in Fargo, ND. He spent time as the Director of Sales in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota Regulatory, MN State Vice President, before his current position as the Vice President of Transmission. A typical day for Larson is anything but typical. With his wide area of responsibilities, he often has a dynamic day. The majority of the time he spends at meetings and communicating via email. He has to be â€Å"On your toes and ready to go† at all times (K. T. Larson, personal communication, October 15, 2008). Another pitfall of his high level position is that he has to be careful of what he says. The majority of the meetings he attends, he has to give presentations anyone from the Public Utilities Commission, Corporate Executives, Mid-Level Managers, to Union Front Line employees. He has to carefully weigh any response he gives to a question on the off chance that his response will invoke a surety. At his level, caution needs to be taken so that comfort is not given where it should not, nor is fear spread when is should not be. Preparation is vital in planning for his meetings. Many of the meetings he attends, he is a presenter. Kent makes sure to prepare himself well ahead of time for any meetings he leads. Usually, Kent defines his time commitments as 75% true management tasks and 25% other. His definition of management tasks are anything related to his job responsibilities. It could be anything from presenting at a meeting, attending a meeting, or being the recipient of a presentation. Being a corporate level manager, he deals mostly with results and not the process to achieve them. His strong focus on having strong direct reports seem to help facilitate this. The rest of his time is spent on various tasks, but mostly travel. His roles vary depending on the day and time of year, but basically he provides the direct link to the Senior Management from the Business Unit and that link from Xcel Energy to the regulatory organizations. Strategic Planning is the largest portion of Kent’s day to day function. He also relies heavily on his technical expertise as part of this planning process. The scope of his organization’s planning is vast. Kent’s strategic planning comes from anywhere from substation design, to transmission line design, while keeping corporate values and regulatory concerns addressed. Goal setting is another important function to Kent. He needs to know what is going on (K. T. Larson, October 15, 2008). In order for goal setting to occur, a way of measurement is required. Score Cards, are his preferred method. Score cards, done correctly, can all roll up into each other. Starting with a broad base, each business unit can roll up into a higher business unit until they reach the corporate level. This process not only helps the individual business units reach their goals, but also assure that corporate goals can be attained as well. A main process for Kent’s approach to management is to hire good people. You have to have a strong team at his level. Not only do his direct reports need to have a strong sense of team work, but they must work well together. If they do not work well together, he is not afraid to replace them. His direct reports are there to meet corporate goals. If those direct reports can not work well together, he will replace them with those who will for the betterment of the company. Allocation of his time to his employees is different today than it was earlier in his management career. Today, his direct reports have corporate goals. In the past, he managed performance based groups. He still tries to allocate time though based on need. New employees will have much more of his time than those who are more experienced. He wants employees to work to their potential, but potential is not a defined limit. Some employees have a higher potential than others. His goal as a manager is find that potential and develop that into the highest possible outcome. He feels that direct feedback is the only way to manage. It is very important have the direct feedback between himself and his employees whether is it positive or negative. The ability to be able to both give and receive constructive criticism is vital to any strong manager. Xcel Energy would currently be classified as a Matrix organization. Matrix organizations are an attempt to combine the advantages of the pure functional structure and the product organizational structure. Companies, such as Xcel Energy, that are project driven companies, are ideally suited for this management structure. In a matrix organization, each project manager reports directly to the vice president and the general manager. Since each project represents a potential profit center and/or reliability enhancement, the power and authority used by the project manager come directly from the general manager. Information sharing is mandatory in such organizations, and several people may be required for the same piece of work. However, in general, the project manager has the responsibility to maintain technical excellence on the project. Each business unit is headed by a department manger whose main responsibility is to ensure that a unified technical base is maintained and that all available information can be exchanged for each project (Visitask, 2008). At Xcel Energy, many different levels of the engineering staff could be swapped out to a project manager in title alone and nothing would change. Rather than having true project managers, the engineers take on the responsibilities of most project management. This type of structure does have its benefits and weaknesses. Depending on where you sit in the organizational ladder, the centralized choices, standard outcomes, and Operational Companies being decentralized can either help or hinder the process. Conflict can arise because of no clear lines of responsibilities between the centralized company and the state jurisdictions. Beginning in 2000, Xcel Energy was managed from a central, large corporation aspect. In 2005, Public Utility Commissions required that each individual Operational Company be able to attest for its financials and prove that the money was being spent in each state. This led to having both centralized choices as well as jurisdictional decisions. Financially, the accounting is better tracked through this process and helps to build a rate case to the Public Utilities Commission. Other problems have surfaced though trying to standardize equipment. Silos have developed in all aspects of the design and construction phase, mostly dealing with standardization of equipment. For example, Texas uses the same size and type of underground conductor that North Dakota does. The climates are completely different during the winter and create many operational challenges. For being such a large company spread over such a vast territory, Kent believes this strategy is best for the company at this time. The overall benefits of being structured this way currently outweigh the negative aspects. In theory, if this changes, Kent sees it as Corporate Management’s responsibility to change to organizational structure. Once again, put the best members together to make the team work in the best possible manner. Digging deeper into the interpersonal relationship side of management, Kent believes that management must be cognizant of each work groups needs and idiosyncrasies. Xcel Energy hires all classifications of employees from engineers, lawyers, analysts, computer IT, technicians, administrative assistants, to union line workers. It is important to understand how different management theories affect the behavior and attitudes of employees. Specifically cited, union line workers are viewed as Theory X employees. It’s not that all union employees are inherently lazy, but their union rules do not reward thinking outside of the defined union work rules. Any extra or additional hard work outside of the standard union rules is not encouraged or rewarded. Managers of union employees must closely supervise these employees to ensure that daily work is completed. Company managers and union management have created a strict set of work rules as well as a well defined punishment system. In contrast, exempt employees; engineers, lawyers, analysts, are managed with the Theory Y thought process. Most managers at Xcel Energy allow the employee to take ownership for their daily work process. They allow the employees to have the resources necessary to achieve both organizational goals and individual goals (Jones George, 2008, p 66). One thing Kent has also learned that each manager brings their own individual twist to management theory. The longer he has been with Xcel Energy, the more tolerant he has become. He wants to judge the end results. He is not so concerned with whether a person fits into a certain profile, but what the outcomes that person achieves. From all accountable sources, Kent Larson is a highly regarded manager for Xcel Energy. His ability to lead his business units to accomplish goals set before them is undeniable. One thing that sets a good leader apart from an ordinary manager is the impact that that manager has on those employees once they are no longer their manager. The most rewarding feeling that Kent has had is that even though he is not someone’s direct manager, they value his opinion and ask his opinion. It is important to try to develop a relationship with subordinates to nurture this kind of relationship.

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Research Paper Example

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Research Paper Example George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Paper George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Paper The novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is set in Californias Salinas Valley, Soledad during the Great Depression. Steinbeck illustrates the loneliness of ranch life in the early 1930s and highlights how people are driven to try and find friendship in order to escape from loneliness. Steinbeck deliberately uses the town Soledad, meaning loneliness to connect with the main theme of the novella; furthermore, George Milton is depicted many times playing the game of Solitaire, meaning alone. Of Mice and Men is filled with characters who are unable to escape from their lonely lives. In 1930s America, the itinerant farm workers of the Great Depression found it impossible to establish fixed homes, forcing them to wander from ranch to ranch seeking temporary employment and to live in bunk houses with strangers. Their nomadic lifestyle made it difficult to establish a friendship and this was the cause of their loneliness. George explains the misery of this situation at several points during his dialogues with Lennie Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. : They got no family. They dont belong no place The opening scene of the novella appears to be an extremely peaceful and idyllic place as the Salinas river winds through an idyllic scene of yellow sands, golden foothills, and deer that come to the shore to drink at night, which immediately builds an image of a heavenly place, filled with beauty. The use of colour contributes to the beauty and Eden-like idyllic clearing and contributes to overall sense of perfection. The rich tone of the golden foothill slopes conveys an image of the setting as luxurious and mystical. Steinbeck portrays the river as green and deep which creates an immutable and idyllic serene; yet however, the repetition of the adjective deep implies that water is polluted or dirty, building an image of impending doom or danger. The permanent nature is threatened as the limbs of the sycamore are revealed to be in such a weak state, Steinbeck portraying not how strong nature is but how strong it used to be. The damp flat covered with night tracks of coons also reveals the imperfection of an immutable nature; furthermore, Steinbeck highlights a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway; this metaphor evokes a sense of the harmony of nature spoilt by human interference. This also creates a setting and indicates how men who work on the ranch have had temporary, isolated and lonely lives. The details of the ashes left over from many camp fires and the tree bough worn smooth by so many people sitting on it over the years emphasize the number of people who come over to this spot. Steinbeck gradually introduces that nature is not all idyllic and perfect and this environment is portentous and ominous; he evokes a sense of nostalgia and sentimentality into the landscape. The idyllic peace of the initial scene is disrupted as the two main characters of the novel emerge from the woods. Steinbeck reveals that for a moment the place was lifeless before two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool. This is evocative because lifeless creates an ominous atmosphere. The rabbits scurry into the shrubs and a heron flies from the edge of the still pool before George and Lennie enter the clearing; this illuminates mans triumph over nature and man disturbing nature. The rabbits senses the presence of danger and hurries away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. Steinbeck also forebodes the death of Lennie by the simple act of predator eating prey. A water snake was at the pond in the beginning, but this time it is eaten. Moreover, a heron was flying away from the pond but now it stays to eat the first snake. It is a method used Steinbeck to foreshadow and illustrate the plot. The snake is predominantly regarded as malevolent and the heron as good which makes the event ironic. One could argue that the heron and water snake are used as metaphors and foreshadowing devices in the novella; Lennie is represented by the water snake and when Lennie scares away the second snake, perhaps he is replacing it. However, the killer will not be a heron, it will be another human George. In the opening section of the novella, Steinbeck wishes to portray the relationship between George and Lennie as leader and follower. Steinbeck highlights that they walked in single file down the narrow path and when they came into the open, one stayed behind the other; which immediately indicates that George is dominant in this comradeship, therefore Lennie is somewhat subordinate, dependent and incapable of looking after himself. This image illustrates that George acts as a parental figure and Lennie is similar to a shy child hiding behind a father. On entry, Steinbeck describes the two dichotomous characters. Instantaneously, George is identified as an itinerant migrant worker, because of the clothes he wears and possession he carries, for example: his hard wearing denim clothes; denim clothing was preferred clothing for farm labourers in America in the 1930s because it was resilient, robust and though suited for working. This is further emphasized by the fact that they are carrying tight blanket rolls which conveys the precarious lives of migrant workers. Steinbeck conveys to the reader that he is nomadic farm labourer seeking work as he is beating the hard-worn path taken by countless other migrant workers; Steinbeck portrays George as being observant and apprehensive due to his restless eyes and sharp strong features; which indicates that he is unable to relax because of the burden of his responsibilities. George has to look after the mentally retarded Lennie in order to keep him out of trouble and woe. George is symbolic of the everyman, a typical farm labourer and ordinary individual in 1930s America. On the other hand, Lennie is the complete opposite of George, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with sloping shoulders; which indicates that he has the mental capacity of a child and the strength of a bulll and he is unable to control or even judge his own physical power. Steinbeck uses animal imagery as he predominantly compares Lennie with animals, dragging his feet a little the way a bear drags his paws emphasizes that he is a ponderous, powerful, imbecilic bear. Furthermore, dragging his paws like a bear depicts an image of a slow and overly large or obese man. Steinbeck also portrays Lennie snorting into water like a horse; Lennies actions are synonymous with an animal, unlike humans who cup their hands to drink water. This emphasizes that he will act upon an animal instinct nd his animal characteristics convey Lennies great strength that he is unaware of; this holds immense importance in the novel as it foreshadows the downfall of Lennie due to his powerful strength and animal instincts. George and Lennies dream plays an important role in the novella; their dream is to own a farm with lots of coloured rabbits and live off the fatta the lan. In this novella, dreams are one of the ways in which the characters combat the loneliness of their existence. For example: Curleys wifes dream is to become an actress in Hollywood. , Candy and Crookss dream is to join George and Lennies farm; none of the characters ever achieve their dreams. George and Lennies friendship keeps the dream alive, and Steinbeck uses other characters, such as Candy to cause the reader to believe that they might actually succeed in their goals; however, the dream is never fulfilled, as Lennies accident with Curleys wife destroys their unrealistic dream. By writing this, Steinbeck reinforces the significance and importance of the dream and Lennie to George. A method Steinbeck uses to present and develop the characters of George and Lennie is by the use of colloquial American dialect of the working man. George and Lennies colloquial dialect reveals to the reader that George and Lennie are poor and has a low hierarchy. The use of colloquial language helps the reader to engage with the characters and to have a better understanding of their feelings and ideas. Moreover, it reveals Lennies childish mentality to the reader as his language mimics that of a young child Another method Steinbeck uses to develop the characters is the cyclical structure. The novel opens with the description of a riverbed in rural California, a beautiful, wooded area at the base of golden foothill slopes. Steinbeck, then, introduces the two main characters, George and Lennie. At the end of the story, it ends with George and Lennie back where they started, by the river. The structure of this is a cycle; it goes back to the beginning. Steinbeck may have chosen to have a circular plot to show that no circle has an ending, in a way the plot is like a representation to show the dead end existence of the Great Depression. To A Mouse ,a poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, about a man who overturns the soil of a mouses nest in late autumn. In 1937, John Steinbecks novella Of Mice and Men was derived from Burns poem the best laid schemes omice an men/ Gang aft agley an lea e us nought but grief an pain for promisd joy. This line demonstrates us that instead of promised joy, people get shattered dreams, grief and pain; Robert Burns explains that no matter how best laid plans are, even the best of them can be ruined by a simple thing, for example; the mouses nest is easily destroyed and ruined by man. In the novella, George and Lennies American Dream is also easily shattered as everything goes wrong when Lennie accidentally kills Curleys wife. There are abundant similarities between the Burns poem and the novella, for example: mans dominion is the theme of both poem and novella. The line Im truly sorry mans dominion, has broken natures social union emphasizes that Robert Burns felt a great reverence towards animals, who do not have free will like humans do. He tries to explain that he could not help but having dominance over the mouse. In Steinbecks novella, Lennie also has dominance over animals, when he accidentally kills the mouse, the dog and Curleys wife because he has no control over his powerful physical strength. The message that Steinbeck wishes to convey to the reader about George and Lennie is a socialist theory and that everyone should have a role in society. In the novella, each different character represents a different group of people. George represents the everyman, as his lifestyle is simple and similar to other people in 1930s America. Lennie obviously represents the mentally handicapped who is not accepted in 1930s America. Moreover, Crooks is subject to discrimination; for instance, when he is forced to sleep in a separate room from the other labourers, his marginalized status becomes obvious. His plight epitomizes the ubiquitous segregation of color in 1930s America. While Candy represents what happens to everyone who gets old in 1930s American society. Steinbeck wishes to emphasize that everyone should have a role in society to prove the point to the reader that everyone is equal through unclouded eyes untampered by society.

Applying Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Applying Psychology - Essay Example With regard to this stance however, I was not able to provide concrete examples as regards to the costs and benefits, and only described the theoretical concepts. With regard to the third case, while I provided alternative technologies that can be used, I failed to discuss the financial constraints and ethical considerations of using such. I proposed less invasive strategies such as strengthening the questions that are asked, and perhaps improving the systems for cross-checking. TMA allowed me to apply my knowledge of theoretical concepts in practice. However, I noticed a few errors in expressing myself grammatically. More importantly, I should draw more connections between theory and practice through sufficient examples. I am writing in light of your company’s proposition to impose flexible with working from home opportunities through the aid of computer-mediated communication (CMC). I have reviewed your company’s profile against the advantages and disadvantages of using of CMC. I am also proposing several recommendations with regard to the use of CMC which might be helpful as your company reorganizes and moves towards home-based work opportunities. CMC is clearly not a novel process in your company, and to a certain degree it has increased the productivity and work output. According to Joinson and Littleton (2008), there has been â€Å"evidence that the use of CMC in the workplace can be beneficial not just in speeding communication, but in increasing the quality of that communication† (p. 127). Studies by Shirani et al. (1999 as cited in Joinson & Littleton, 2008) and Adrianson and Hjelmquist (1999 as cited in Joinson & Littleton, 2008) have revealed deeper problem analysis and increase of brainstorming ideas in CMC compared to face-to-face interactions. However, there have been contentions to the level of interaction that takes place by using CMC. Without

Realism and Liberalism are classical theories of International Essay

Realism and Liberalism are classical theories of International Relations. In terms of ethics, to which normative approach can t - Essay Example Additionally, countries interact through the activities of intergovernmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations among others. The nature of the operation of such organizations dictates that countries coexist peacefully and have a mutual understanding of the legislations of each other in order to address any form of conflict arising from the interactions through the international citizens (GRAY, 1995). Several theories explain the nature of relations between different countries often explaining the best forms of such relationships. A conducive relationship should encourage development of the different countries. Sovereignty refers to the ability of a state making its own legislations without the coercion or interference of other countries (Hutchings, 2010). One such theory is realism, the theory espouses for the truthful representation of the different countries without any attempt by the state to conceal their political, eco nomic or social nature. Realists believe that by presenting itself factually, a country makes itself open for interpretation by others who therefore decide to conduct businesses with it regardless of its current state. Despite their autonomous states, countries depend on each other. Through trade, citizens travel from country to country thereby validating the inter country relationships. This implies that the regulations and policies in a specific country affect every citizen in the country some of who are often from other countries (NAAMAN ZAUDERER, 2010). Because of this, countries strive to develop effective working relationships with each other, the world is currently a global village and people invest in any country with a possible market for the products or services regardless of the nationality of the investor. In the event of an internal conflict for example, not only the citizens of the country are likely to suffer the consequences for some international citizens in the cou ntry may also fall victim of such squabbles and often lose their investments. For such unprecedented occurrences, countries strive to formulate effective policies to safeguard the interest of the different countries that interact on different platforms through their citizens. Such possibilities therefore validate the increasing amount of interest that the international community obtains in the event of an economic, political or social crisis in the country. Some countries forcefully intervene in creating peace in such regions as was the case in Ivory Coast, a North African state in which the incumbent presidential had forcefully clung to office despite having lost an election. Realism opposes romanticism a theory commonly applied in the early French society in the country through which its officials gave a deceptive representation of the country’s political structure to the international society thereby creating a virtual state with a different preventability from the truth. Realists revolted against the poor representation that portrayed the country as stable thereby giving the actual representation of the country. They fearlessly revealed the poor commercial policies that had resulted in acute food shortages and widespread poverty of the people while the elite political society lived of the jobless population burdened by inconsiderate tax

Critical Summary of Oprah Winfrey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Summary of Oprah Winfrey - Essay Example As the discussion stresses Oprah Winfrey has amassed immense wealth where she stands out as the highest-paid performer on television and the richest self-made woman in America. Oprah is equally the richest African-American of the 20th century subject to her influence and entrepreneurial skills. Most people in the world identify with Oprah Winfrey through her television show that influences their way of living, reading, eating, exercising, thinking, feeling, doing politics, and associating. Oprah stands out as "the most powerful woman in the world† where she is one of the world’s opinion leaders. I seek to attain such influence after leaving the university through mass media and entrepreneurship. However, it is worth noting that it took a lot of sacrifice, time, professionalism, and persistence for her to overcome the challenges in her growth path and attain immense success and global influence.As the paper discusses  Oprah faced numerous challenges that included primit ive life and sexual molestation in her childhood, which caused emotional devastation.  She received the honor of the Most Popular Girl at the time and joined her high school speech team, which continued to shape her career.  Indeed, she premiered her life in journalism by working at a local radio station during her studies at the university. This manifests how Oprah maximized the great opportunities in her life since her career path would have been very challenging without the scholarship.

Effects Of Nuclear Power On American Society Politics Essay

Effects Of Nuclear Power On American Society Politics Essay The issue of nuclear power has always been at the center of attention and public dispute, especially nowadays with the energy crisis and the limited fossil fuels. It is mainly countries within the western system, such as the US, the UK and France that have acquired the technology to support nuclear power.  [1]  American society and identity have been shaped by a self-portrait of super-power that keeps the order.  [2]  Nuclear power has been one of the most powerful weapons that consolidated American identity and established her as the big power of the world. During the Second World War American power was shown to the world with the testing of the first A-bomb. During the Cold-War era the USA competed with the USSR and Great Britain, as to who had the best and nuclear weapons and plants as part of the deterrence doctrine.  [3]   Today nuclear energy is spreading and the USA is thought of as its motherland with the largest number of plants in the world. America presents its need for nuclear power with emphasis on the words security and economic leadership: To maintain our economic leadership and strengthen our energy security America must start building nuclear power plants [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Your industry has come a long way during the recent decades and I am confident that greater progress lies ahead. By expanding our use of nuclear power we can make energy supply more reliable, our environment cleaner and our nation more secure for future generations. May God bless you all.  [4]  There is a massive debate about how safe production of energy from nuclear power is and if it is worth the financial and environmental cost. Emblematic is the Three Mile Island Plant that was at the same time both a failure and a success story as it recovered from the accident when President Carter visited the station and conti nues to operate efficiently to the day. The question this essay poses is: To what extent does nuclear power affect American Identity? In this essay I will set out to look into the ways that nuclear power has affected, and is affecting, American society. How this technological society has accepted its nuclear future and how nuclear power is becoming the new emblem of the New American Dream as part of an energy-autonomous and sustained America. . Emblematic is the Three Mile Island Plant that was at the same time both a failure and a success story as it recovered from the accident when President Carter visited the station and continues to operate efficiently to the day with a license extension until 2034.  [5]   Three Mile Island  [6]  today Main Body The New Energy Regime and the New American Dream The World today suffers from economic, climate and energy crisis. The energy crisis is a major global problem since fossil fuels in general are limited and do not constitute renewable sources, as do solar energy and wind. However, extracting and storing solar and wind energy is not considered very efficient. Therefore nuclear energy, as supported by many scientists is a way to solve this crisis. The research about nuclear power started in the 1940s for military purposes and more specifically for the atomic bomb, which was based on the chemical process, which is called nuclear fission. The first nuclear power station was founded in the 1950s. U.S. power plant performance has steadily improved in the past 20 years. The USA is the performance leader among the other countries that produce electricity from nuclear energy. Twelve out of the twenty-five top reactors in the whole world are American. Moreover, especially after the establishment of hydroelectric plants, the cost of production of electrical power with nuclear energy is cheaper than the cost of petrol and CO2. Howeve the cost of construction  [7]  , investments for security and technology (which are not always reliable) are immense making the actual cost of effective nuclear power a burden for society.  [8]  Investors consider the high capital costs and the risks of decommissioning cancellations making federal loan guarantees an economically safer option.  [9]  This means that funding basically comes from tax collection. For 10 years now, lobbyists favoring a renaissance in building new U.S. reactors have been lining up financial help from taxpayers. They need this help because these new reactors are far more expensive than other ways of generating or saving electricity. Consequently, private investors wont take the risk of losing a lot of money.  [10]  [delete?[The question is, if the cost is too high, is it socially beneficial?]] The basic argument for the new energy regime, for this very important shift in energy dependence, is climate change. Focusing on the environmental hazards that oil poses while stressing advantages of nuclear power answers well with the American public and its identity as a clean and progressive society. This was evident with the positive response to the documentary Inconvenient Truth that spread ecological consciousness all over the country. Furthermore, taking into consideration that America is a technological society, a society that cannot function without winning  [11]  technology, the combination of clean technological championship makes it self an appealing part of the New American Dream  [12]  , as David Crane puts it a carbon-free American Dream  [13]   Crane: [W]hat I call the Gore Approach [is] based on self-denial: Lets all go back to living without air conditioning and to drying our clothes on the clothes line. Theres another option, though: the Schwarzenegger Approach. Its the American Dream, but its the carbon-free American Dream. SPIEGEL ONLINE: What do you mean by that? Crane: Hes like, I want to drive my Hummer and fly my Gulfstream 4, I just dont want them to produce any greenhouse gas I think its very difficult to get the American people to engage in self-denial. Its just not the American way. The American way is based on consumption. You dont want to change the American way of life, you just want to show them a better way to get there, and nuclear power is a key part of that. The first breakthrough for nuclear power was the connection with global warming. President Barack Obamas speech also finds recurring words in American discourse that point the publics attention to a better life with the right to consumption in an open future of a new world of abundance: To create more of these clean energy jobs we need more production, more efficiency, more incentive. And that means building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this country  [14]  (my italics) The American way then is that of Consumption and along those lines we observe a paradigm shift in the same pattern: from oil to nuclear. With the financial crisis nuclear power seems as a way re-invent the economy and the American Future. It is not only environmental concern but a need of energy-independence and the self-sustainability given by autonomy so as not to be dependent on other countries for energy provision: The road to global security lies in lessening our dependence on Middle East oil and making sure that all people on Earth have access to the energy they need to sustain life.  [15]  This passage among others reflects the new product within American society that will provide for all the basic luxuries of the American home through nuclear powered electricity and that will in turn be sold on to the rest of the world. [[Moreover, nuclear power holds a key to national safety by threats from the East which lead American opinion into feeling safer knowing that the country holds the leading nuclear power in the world.]] Environment, Health and Hazards Among the advantages of nuclear energy is that it has much less organic gas emissions than carbon. As far as pollution is concerned, air pollution in the case of the nuclear reactor is minute as opposed to oil and CO2, while nuclear waste takes up much less volume. Nuclear stations however show high thermal pollution especially in the summer season when demand is higher and droughts challenge the capacity.  [16]  There is the risk of radioactive pollution in the case of an accident or leak, not to mention that most plants are situated on rivers for cooling purposes. Not much has been said about the dangers connected to water contamination and its flow into inhabited areas. Nuclear energy might be more friendly to the environment however it is certainly not green, as mentioned by scientist and writer Conrad Miller, MD  [17]  . Radioactive waste, which is a product of the nuclear process, is dangerous to humans, animals and plants.  [18]  According to Miller If you stand th ree feet away [from radioactive waste] for ten seconds it will kill you.  [19]  One very important fact is that the harm of radioactive waste can last from 240,000 to 480,000 years.  [20]  Research has shown that such waste is a cause of many types of cancer and also genetic paramorphosis due to the emitted radiation. In fact babies located near plants have been found to have strontium-90 contaminant in their teeth.  [21]   Waste disposal is of the major problems that advocates of nuclear energy have to face since there is no actual solution at the moment. The Yucca Mountain that is currently used for waste is a problematic area and most of the plants keep waste on site.  [22]   The possibility of an accident is another danger posed by the use of nuclear energy. A possible meltdown could be caused by faults in the reactors or of course by a simple human error. Moreover, if the control rods happen not to function perfectly, then we will be faced with an uncontrollable chain reaction; namely a nuclear bomb. This was the case with the well-known Chernobyl incident.  [23]   American discourse stresses the limitations in security and maintenance of the Chernobyl Power Plant, implying the advantages of American high security and the notion that such accidents could not occur. However, accidents did occur, four of which took place in the U.S.  [24]  One of these incidents took place in March 1979 at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, which is near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania  [25]  . It has been characterised as the worst nuclear accident in American history according to the documentary Meltdown at Three Mile Island (1999).  [26]  Problems in the function of the cooling system caused automatically an immediate shut down of the reactor.  [27]  Consequently, there arose a public relations crisis  [28]  . Finally after numerous actions the temperature dropped stabilizing the core. Great contradiction characterizes this incident, as there was the question of political image at stake. Washington D.C could not decide whether to evacuate or not. The public grew anxious with the limited evacuation that was ordered and the contradictory suggestions by the scientists. President Jimmy Carter was invited to the site six days after the incident to cool down public opinion and agitation, marking the end of the crisis, despite the fact that radioactive water rested on the floor of the facility. The core meltdown was denied it ever happened. However, in 1982 a camera was placed inside the core that showed severe damage, with 50% of the core having been melted down. It turns out that 20 tons of melted uranium reached the pressure vessel making it a core meltdown, no question about it.  [29]   The book written in 1982 by Philip L. Cantelon and Robert C. Williams about the incident, entitled Crisis Contained, The Department of Energy at Three Mile Island, is the official history of the Department of Energys role during the accident. The book among other things says that there were no city-evacuation plans and if there were, they were soon abandoned. It is claimed that there was no evacuation but a weekend exodus based on what government officials and the media imagined might happen. On Friday confused communications created the politics of fear.  [30]  The insistence to disprove any evacuation plans shows that primary concerns are public relations rather than extreme precaution with whatever the cost on the image. We can therefore see how nuclear plants have become a signifier of American advance and images of infallibility. In February 1st, 2010 the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant suffered an accident when underground pipes deteriorated causing a leak of radioactive tritium into the groundwater supplies.  [31]  [change source?]This made drinking water poisonous for use, thus affecting all living organisms in the area. The Vermont Yankee officials claimed that tritium did not reach the water. The cleanup was still in progress when another leak was found of a more potent radioactive isotope, strontium-90, linked to causes of cancer.  [32]  On the 29th of May, contaminated water was found (containing 13 different radioactive substances) coming from a pipe near the hole that was dug to clear up the initial leak. [delete?[The Entergy Nuclear officials had given misleading information about the existence of underground pipes that were indeed the cause of the leak and contamination of the area.  [33]  This shows how power plants are not as safe or highly preserved as the government wants to emphasize, while the officials go out of their way to mislead and misinform. In addition to the health and environmental hazard the repeated leaks and the cleanup cost 10 million dollars, which the government pays as guarantee of the government-industry partnership and for which it taxes the citizens. Although Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant had been given permission for extension in operation for 20 years after 2012 after the incident a resolution was passed to block the operations. The owners still pressure to have another vote in order to get the permission for the extension. During 2010 protests took place to prevent the passing of the vote, while citizens have been active in the area to influence a shut down of the plant since 1979.  [34]  ]] There are a lot of scientists who are in favour of nuclear energy. Patrick Moore chairman and chief scientist of Greenspirit Strategies Ltd with Christine Todd Whitman are co-chairs of a new industry-funded initiative, the Clean and Safe Energy Coalition that supports the nuclear energy renaissance. Patrick Moore published an article in the 16th April 2006 arguing that although back in the 1970s he was totally against nuclear energy, the past 30 years have changed his views. [delete?[He empowers his position by saying that US CO2 emissions are at a rate of 36% produced by coal-fired electric plants, while 103 nuclear reactors produce 20% of Americas electricity with zero C02 gas emissions]]. As he reports the public response to nuclear power plants is welcoming. Eighty percent of residents within the range of 10 miles from nuclear plants support them, workers not included in this number.  [35]   Politics Moore believes that the dangers of nuclear power are very small in the USA. He commented the will of Iran to have nuclear energy by saying: And although I dont want to underestimate the very real dangers of nuclear technology in the hands of rogue states, we cannot simply ban every technology that is dangerous.  [36]  This somewhat contradictory statement shows how the West has assumed the right to advanced nuclear technologies with, while other states are not qualified enough to do so as they do not belong in the Western canon. Professor of International Politics Keith Krausse has pointed out how, after the Cold War, the communist threat was replaced by the threat of the rogue states in order to fill in the threat vacuum that justifies many sinister actions and the presence of nuclear proliferation.  [37]  Moore supports that things have changed since the time of the Cold War when everything linked to nuclear power seemed to be catastrophic for the whole world. However, as K rausse shows this is not the case, especially when it is American governmental discourse that tries to equate nuclear power in the hands of the rogue states with weapons of mass destruction. American foreign policy and public relations still rest on the deterrence doctrine to maintain a super power image and continue to use military and nuclear resources. US policy-making reflects the aspects that define a society and affect it in ways that will support strategy and its validity. Therefore, US society and self-definition as a major nuclear power (that can defy the Non-proliferation treaty for security) can verify the actions of the state and place the norms for the global structure of international relations. More importantly, Krausse points out that the shaping of the new discourse of danger can justify todays existence of high technology military and nuclear forces that were already existent during the Cold War and continued to be of use in the modern era as a basis for the energy project. There would have been an economic and power vacuum if these resources were not taken advantage of.  [38]  If after the end of the Cold War there was no re-use of all the nuclear resources and discourses in relation to power and enemies of the state, then there would have been a drastic change in the character of the American society.  [39]   Public Opinion and the The Generational Change, 1970s vs 2000s [delete?too strong?[ The economic requirement for the protection of major capital investments is a more demanding constraint than public acceptance  [40]   Before observing how nuclear opposition during the 70s became minute in the 2000s one should question whether it matters at all. For example, legislation on safety issues and nuclear plants as John F. Ahearne indicates gives power to the legal system making decisions about public interest whereby with regard to public participation the majoritys decision effectively denied public an opportunity to participate further in a regulatory process on a significant safety matter.  [41]  ]] A very recent poll conducted in the USA by Bisconti Research Inc. in March 2010 shows that American citizens support nuclear energy. The graph bellow will illustrate in general the opinion that American citizens annually have since 1983. As we can observe 2010 is the year of the highest percentage of public support for nuclear power (74%). More specifically 33% percent out of 74% strongly support nuclear energy, while only the 10% is strongly against. The ratio is 1 to 3. The time when there was the greatest objection to nuclear energy was 1986-1987. It is obvious that this is due to the Chernobyl accident. Since 1988 public opinion has turned in favor of nuclear energy with an increasing rate.  [42]  The survey also shows that more than 72% of the people questioned, agreed to solutions which nuclear energy gives to reduce greenhouse gasses emission. This survey is entitled Public Support for Nuclear Energy at Record High. These figures show how America is becoming a nuclear society with a smashing 70% favoring the building of new plants. [delete?[What is not clear is whether the public perceives the implied future scale of dependence on nuclear energy and the social and ethical implications.  [43]  ]] A survey conducted by Nelkin and Fallows in 1978  [44]  on public opinion and nuclear energy reveals the ways in which the government and nuclear corporations tried to appease the growing opposition that characterized the 1970s. The government to respond somehow to this pressure tries to reduce conflict, win public acceptance and renew faith in governmental authority [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] necessary for continued progress and prosperity  [45]  Indeed as Yarrow shows in his article Selling a New Vision of America to the World during the 1950s onwards the words prosperity, progress and abundance entered all ranks and sections of American society.  [46]  Being the envy of the world with visions of a fabulous future, economics, wealth and consumption became the basic approach to the public mind.  [47]   Nuclear energy was of course a major part of that economic and technological superiority aligned with the abundance that characterized American life. During the 1970s the industry was accused to have conducted an unbalanced campaign for nuclear energy, stressing the hot issue of employment and economic growth, therefore appealing with the promise of jobs and downplaying practical concerns such as safety, nuclear waste and possible contamination.  [48]  Today the same concerns about employment and prosperity trouble society in order to maintain the American standard of living. As Crane points out in his interview with Spiegel Magazine, there is a generational change that accounts for high numbers supporting nuclear power. The new generation does not remember the big accidents, You basically have to be 45 or 50 years old in the US to remember Three Mile Island SPIEGEL ONLINE: You mean to say that people are beginning to forget about the dangers of nuclear power? Crane: There is a perception that the American public is ready for nuclear. Its a combination of things, and one of them is generational change. The overriding concern in this country, just like in Europe, is global warming. The 1970s Opposition warned about the long-term consequences that are implied with the formation of nuclear society. The massive security measures meant and of course still mean giving up civil liberties for scrutiny and surveillance as a precaution to potential nuclear terrorism.  [49]   Public Awareness It is interesting to look into new power discourses that inform public opinion concerning nuclear projects. An article in The Times July 10, 2006 was headlined Danger from radiation is exaggerated say scientists. This article announces the documentary Horizon: Nuclear Nightmares  [50]  that incidentally or even conveniently came out the same week that the government was to announce the start of a new generation of atomic plants. The Times article and the documentary in question, hold that nuclear danger and the Chernobyl legacy is over exaggerated, while low levels of radioactivity may even be beneficial.  [51]  The documentary attributes sickness after the accident not so much to radioactive contamination but to the fear that was harnessed after the Chernobyl incident; namely an emission of fear and hypochondria rather than radioactivity. The number of the direct and indirect victims is suspiciously reduced while the 4,000 cases of childrens thyroid cancer attributed to the Chernobyl incident are here reduced to 9. The animals that were tested in the area were found to have low radiation levels on their skins, but the evolutionary background of humans and weasels differs greatly. A letter of complaint was sent on December 2008 by Richard Bramhall of the Low Level Radiation Campaign to the chairman of the BBC Trust, proving that the documentary was scientifically illiterate and had a biased stance on Chernobyl  [52]  making it a piece of propaganda. Bramhall accuses the documentary for distorting the Chernobyl Forum Report while the Report it self provides no basis for the statements of the so-called radiophobia that is to account for the overloading of the health system.  [53]  The lack of scientific understanding and objectivity makes the whole project subject to heavy criticism. The only conclusion that can be drawn is that the power discourses need to eradicate any opposition and concerns about nuclear power (since the promise that no accidents will ever happen cannot be sustained), in order to enter smoothly into a new nuclear era with all the consequences that this entails: Advertising the benefits of an activity increases public acceptance of a greater level of risk.  [54]  Nuclear energy is advocated as source of autonomy, development and prosperity, giving employment, economic, scientific and political opportunities the characteristics of the new American Dream needed to come out of the current recession years. Media and government promote that nuclear energy is used for environmental purposes leaving out the option of soft-technology and renewable resources. Moreover, the fact that uranium is an exhaustible source that will become harder to extract, therefore more expensive and a source of conflict in the future (just as oil has) is not something frequently mentioned. If the public is presented with nuclear power as the only feasible solution that brings about positive effects then it is not surprising that the percentages in support have risen. Realistic Solutions Nuclear energy does have its assets, and either way, this form of energy has come here to stay due to the massive investments that have taken place over the years. What seems as a better solution is Adm. Bowmans proposition for recycling.  [55]  Since nuclear fuel does not take up too much space, Bowman suggests that the waste should be removed from the neighborhoods and be consolidated in centralized locations away from the public for precautionary reasons. He is careful not to imply that their current locations are dangerous, but not preferable nonetheless. He suggests that the problems of disposal should be reevaluated and that investments should be employed in recycling nuclear plants, in order to recover vast unused energy in the fuel, reduce waste volume and radio-toxicity that mother earth must absorb.  [56]  Currently, 95% of the energy content is being thrown away, which can be exploited and at the same time remove the earths heat load. Bowman argues that since Ameri ca has 300 nuclear plants it is a feasible vision to construct at least one deep geologic repository that will prove more beneficia

Criminalistics Case Review :: essays research papers fc

This essay will give a critical review of the R-v-Guy Paul Morin case, which started to take place in Canada over twenty years ago. It will look at both the prosecution and defence cases, the evidence given within both cases and the decisions from both court cases and the appeal, which finally freed Guy Paul Morin. On New Years Eve 1984 Christine Jessop a nine-year-old girl from Ontario, Canada was found murdered in a field about fifty kilometres from where she lived. Christine Jessop’s body had been left in disgusting position, she had also been sexually assaulted and decapitated. The police felt they needed to arrest this killer before another similar crime could be committed. After extensive investigation by the police of at least three hundred and fifty suspects, a young musician and next door neighbour of the Jessop’s, Guy Paul Morin was arrested and spent eleven months in jail waiting for the case to be brought to trial. Whilst incarcerated, an undercover officer was placed in Morin’s cell to try and extract information from him relating to the crime. This was done because the police were aware of the weakness of their case. In all the time Morin was under observation, by the undercover officer, he at no point admitted any involvement in the murder of Christine Jessop . In 1986 the case went to trial, mid-way through, in an astonishing tactic Morin’s lawyer tried to prove that he was schizophrenic. The jury didn’t believe the evidence of the schizophrenia, but never the less Morin was still acquitted of the crime. In the years following the acquittal the Canadian legal system was tested to its limits, Morin’s acquittal was reversed and a new trial was ordered. In 1992 Morin was found guilty of the murder and sentenced to twenty-five years with no chance of parole. In the years following new DNA evidence surfaced proving that Morin was a convenient fall guy in a badly botched investigation. There were a lot of questions, which needed to be asked of both the investigation and the centre of forensic investigation. The prosicution team knew that their case was weak and thus as mentioned before an under cover officer was placed in a cell with Morin. According to the officer, when he asked Morin how he managed to deal with life’s frustrations, Morin answered, â€Å"Me I just redrum the innocent. That’s my cure man.

5 great leadership qualities Essay

Leaders are often portrayed as heroes and role models, but there is also a darker side to being a leader. Adolph Hitler was one of the greatest leaders in the last 100 years, if not the greatest leader of all time. One man had the ability to lead a country, with a population of 20 million people, against the whole world in a vision he saw fit. One man leading Germany out of economic depression after previously being through World War I was an incredible feat. This is indeed what all leaders strive to be. Hitler is one of the best models for inspiring leaders. He exhibited some of the greatest qualities of being a leader, which included the following: vision, eloquence, charisma, strong will, and tyranny. Vision is a manner in which someone conceives something. All leaders must be goal oriented, and Hitler had one of the greatest objectives of all time. He wanted to purge this world of all the Jews, Gypsies, Homosexuals, and anyone else that didn’t fit in his definition of the perfect race. His perfect race – the Arian race – consisted of blonde-haired, blue-eyed Caucasians. Although he was not able to complete his vision, he still fought for it until the end of his life. One of the most outstanding leadership qualities of Hitler was his eloquence. Being eloquent is to be fluent and persuasive in speech. Hitler would stir up the masses with his fervent speeches. This was one of Hitler’s greatest assets. He was able to get his audience so passionate and zealous over his goals, that they would follow him regardless of what he said. Imagine in what manner someone must talk with 20 million people in order to persuade them to eradicate a race without moral regret. When he would speak, he would sweat and get so fanatical about his speech that women would cry when he spoke. Another important quality of Adolph Hitler was his charisma. Charisma is a quality attributed to those with an exceptional ability to secure the devotion of a large number of people. Without charisma, a leader can not function successfully. Hitler attained devotion from almost anyone that he spoke to. The German people were ready to fight the rest of the world to achieve the world that Adolph Hitler saw fit. Men were willing to give their  lives to satisfy a single man. Hitler had one of the strongest wills of any man that this world had seen. He refused to allow anyone get in his way. This is what led to World War II. He would even betray the Russians, his one time allies, for not also agreeing with his ideas. His will also helped Germany out of depression. It is said that Germany had the greatest economy it has ever had in the rule of Adolph Hitler. He did this by political maneuvering and strategic planning. His will helped make Germany one of the most powerful countries in the world in its time. In fact, some historians devote the end of the depression due to Adolph Hitler. This is because many governments got out of their economic depression by actually fighting in World War II. This stimulated many countries and helped the world all over. The last of his important qualities was tyranny. A tyrannical government is one in which there is a ruler with absolute power. Tyranny enhanced all of his other traits. This is because if someone did not follow him willingly, they were forced to follow him under his government. A leader demanding absolute power is not a bad thing at all times. It does not allow for confusion within a group and may also lead to more efficiency and cooperation. Hitler’s tyranny united Germany under one person and allowed it to challenge anyone that stood in their path. Adolph Hitler may not have been a great person, but he was a great leader. Under his rule, Germany pulled out of an economic depression that was plaguing the rest of the world. Also, Germany stood up once again after a First World War and challenged the world once more. Many people might disagree about him being a great leader because he led Germany to another loss, but this was inevitable because one man cannot stand against the world and hope to win. Nevertheless, Hitler was one of the greatest leaders of all time and should be a template for future leaders.

Business Ethics Stealing from Employer

Business Ethics Stealing from Employer Introduction Ethics refers to moral values that define the behavior of an individual or a group of people. It defines the perception of the good or wrong things in a society. Business ethics thus define the ethical values that relate to a business environment. This paper seeks to discuss business ethics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: Stealing from Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will look into a case of an employee who is stranded between reporting a friend whom she has caught stealing from their employer or protecting the friend. Case John and Joanne are employees in an organization in which John has been working for the past ten years. John is quite frustrated with the organization as it has seemingly failed to acknowledge his efforts and hard work. He is then caught in an act of stealing by his friend Joanne who is then torn between turning John in or risking being charged fo r being an accomplice. Advice to Joanne The basis of ethics is to differentiate between a good and bad thing. When an individual is faced with an issue, the first step of application of ethics is the determination of whether the issue is morally right or wrong. The first step in helping Joanne is therefore to aid her perception of ethics or morality with respect to John’s act. She must identify the act as either ethical or not in order to make her decision. She must therefore be brought to ethical values to help her gain insight into the issue. Joanne should for example be asked whether or not John was being honest with the organization or even with himself when he resorts to steal from the company. She should also be asked to determine in her opinion whether John’s act of attempting to steal was lawful. Was John under any conflict of interest in stealing? Was he acting in the benefit of the organization at all?Advertising Looking for essay on business economi cs? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Was John being fair to the organization and his fellow employees who may be depending on the office supplies for their work in the organization? These questions will help Joanne to actually understand that John’s action was not ethical at all in terms of â€Å"basic honesty and conformity to law, conflict of interest and fairness† (National 1). Although ethical dilemmas are common issues in business environment, an individual is expected to apply critical reasoning together with â€Å"moral creativity, negotiating skills and personal values to solve such dilemmas† (Weiss 96). A consideration of ethical values reveals that John has acted unethically and thus Joanne ought to act in accordance with the values of honesty to her employer and avoidance of conflict of interest. Ethics dictates that the interest of her employer comes first before that of her friend. Joanne sho uld therefore use her â€Å"moral creativity and negotiation skills† (Weiss 96) to convince John not to attempt stealing again. She needs to help John in understanding moral principles and better ways through which his problems in the organization can be resolved such as negotiations to promotions. Joanne should however take no action towards John’s supervisor especially if John is remorseful over his act and if he doesn’t have a history of such behavior or otherwise report him. Failure by Joanne to take any action will promote the act in John. The key terms related to this case that are associated to business and professional ethics are honesty and fairness. National. Values and ethics. AUF, n.d. Web. au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch15.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: Stealing from Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weiss, Joseph. Business Ethics: A S takeholder and Issues Management Approach. New York, NY: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.

Description of a Marketing Plan

Description of a Marketing Plan A marketing plan is defined as a business document prepared with the aim of giving detailed information about the current position of a business in the market and the marketing strategies it plans to employ within a certain period of time stipulated in the marketing plan (McDonald, pp. 23). Most marketing plans are designed for a period of one to five years.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Description of a Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A market plan clearly indicates the steps a business organization intends to take in order to meet its marketing goals. Some owners of small businesses do not present their marketing plans in isolation but rather incorporate them in the entire business plan. For business owners who decide to adopt SBA format which is the recommended one, some sections of the marketing plan become parts of a business plan. Alternatively, the whole marketing plan can be an appendix to a business plan (Bell, para. 3). Typical marketing plans for owners of small businesses might comprise of details about the competitors, the product or service demand and a description of the weak and strong points of the market. This is done from a market perspective of the business enterprise and the competitors (Fifield, pp. 10). Other common features of marketing plans include product or service description, not leaving out its unique features or qualities, a marketing budget which covers the advertising and promotion plan, the pricing strategy and information on the location of the business with the merits and demerits of marketing. In addition, a marketing plan may include market segmentation which focuses on particular niche markets or, in case of large scale marketing, ways through which the marketing strategy may vary in different segments (EStember, para.4) CCCD Marketing Plan Creative Concepts Computer Design (CCCD) is a company that deals with computer consulting. The ma rketing plan for this company involves the use of various programs in their marketing strategy. The main goal of the programs is to increase the sales with limited expenditure. The company will use local newspapers to place their adverts and will offer workshops for members of the community intends. The final element the company intends to use in its marketing strategy is a vibrant website aimed at cataloging the services the company provides.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mission of CCCD Providing the best services in computer consulting to its customers is the mission of CCCD. The presence of the company is justified by the fact that it can attract and retain customers. It believes that strict adherence to this principle will guarantee companys success. Marketing Objectives The company’s marketing objectives include increasing the monthly sales within t he first year of operation and developing a brand reputation that will be easily identified with its quality. Financial Objectives CCCD has specific financial objectives that should be met by the marketing plan, among them a one percent rise in profit margin in every quarter, the control of expenditures for it to remain at a certain level and generate enough sales that justify the need for additional employees. Target Markets CCCD intends to offer computer support to people who use PCs in their homes and also owners of small businesses at technical and consulting level. Since the company is a small one, its growth is restricted by the amount of work that can be completed. Market research indicates that there is potential market which can be exploited by businesses of this kind. The constant technological advancements involved in the computing industry make it necessary for the establishment of businesses that are able to offer computer-related services. The extensive nature of the c urrent market of computer services makes it difficult to categorize it. Users of home PCs are the main source of the business revenue. The work done includes minor upgrading and giving advice to the users. The definition of the business market is the customers who possess several computers or a network demanding service. Positioning The intention of CCCD is to position itself as the main computer consulting business in the market. Users of home personal computers and the community of small business owners will get professional services and excellent computer consulting that eliminates some of the problems they experience. CCCD adjusts its competitive edge to attain the anticipated positioning. The company’s competitive edge is comprised of its unique ability to handle technical issues among all clients who use computers. The ability of the company to translate complicated computer language into understandable English is an important skill. This gives the company a chance to e quip clients with advanced computing skills that make them feel comfortable within computing environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Description of a Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing Mix The marketing mix of CCCD is made up of different approaches that involve distribution, promotion, pricing and advertising. The schedule of pricing is grounded on an hourly rate. However, the company exercises flexibility in order to fully address customers needs. With regard to distribution, the company offers services either at the customers homes or their business premises. A multi-pronged mechanism will be put in place to advertise and promote the services of the company. Finally, the company knows the value of good customer support since this increases penetration to the new markets. Marketing Research CCCD uses primary marketing research methods in a bid to obtain data concerning customers, the market and customer preferences. The company uses electronic survey to gather information about the market. This  entails  the  use  of  either  email  documents  or  forms  that  are  brought  to  the  end  at the   companys website. The polling is aimed at survey people who belong to the targeted market segment. In  order  to  warrant  that  the  surveys  are  efficacious  and  rigorous,  the  process  is   outsourced   to  individuals   experienced   in  statistics.  Ã‚  The additional expenses incurred in the surveys are justified by the accurate and credible data obtained. Strategy Pyramids The most important information that CCCD endeavors to communicate to the clients is that the company has the capacity to handle all computer problems they might face. To achieve this, several communication strategies are used. The first communication strategy that CCCD uses is advertisement. The company places adverts in different newspapers in order to reach a wide range of its customers. In addition, it makes use of computer presentations or workshops which are attended by the public free of charge. Such presentations are an effective communication strategy since they cover broad topics for individuals who do not have much knowledge in computer technology. Besides, presentations have another important function they introduce potential customers to the company. They are expected to generate many customer leads. The last communication strategy that CCCD uses is the establishment of a website displaying the company’s prowess in technology. In addition, the website enables the company to give a detailed explanation of its competitive edge.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bell, P, Importance of Developing a Marketing Strategy Plan,2012. Web. EStember, G, Why A Marketing Plan Is Important In Any Business, 2008. Web. Fifield, P, Marketing Strategy, Routledge, Oxford, 2012. McDonald, M, Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them, John Wiley Sons, New York, 2011.

Bussiness Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bussiness Organisations - Essay Example The relationship between leadership and national culture has often been held to impact closely the success and failure of an organisation in terms of leadership style, motivation and employee performance(Bass, 1990; Collins and Porras, 1996).In the context of National culture at least academics have pointed out that transformational leadership attributes which pertain to empowerment and perception contribute to employee job satisfaction and commitment in a very positive way (Iverson and Roy, 1994). The business academia has often focused upon the influence of gender on leadership and its various dimensions. When we are thus perusing the relationship between gender role and leadership style academics have pointed out towards a tendency of attaching "masculinity with task-oriented leadership styles and femininity with relationship-oriented ones".(Oshagbemi and Gill, 2003).It is perceived by the researchers and the academia that if sexes are perceived so differently in organizations their leadership styles would also differ a lot and this would seem likely that leadership styles are also different. Leadership is morality magnified"(Ciulla, 2006:17).In this regard this section seeks to define the relationships between ethics and leadership in the organisational context.The modern leader has to weather and face a plethora of situations like financial and political scandals,international pressure,public image,regulation and the current business mood and in this context it is also worth noting that gender and national culture issues have also reflected upon the common problems versus cultural specificity.(Individual responsibility v Corporate conscience). CONCLUSION This report concludes that the term "Leadership"is subjectively constructed and the whole concept has many dimensions.For Gardner (1995, p. 292), "The greatest challenge the leaders face is to bring about significant and lasting changes in a large and heterogeneous group". The link between leadership and ethics and gender has been accordingly explored to reflect cultural contexts aswell. INTRODUCTION The meaning and usage of the notion of leadership as an ingredient of success and value in an organisations contemporary structure has received a mixed response from the business academia,where skeptics have gone as far as to say that "All definitions are arbitrary. They reflect choices that cannot be proved or validated" (Shamir and Eilam 2005:395).The question is that when we seek an authentic meaning of the role of leadership instead of the "glittery and shiny"part it can be seen that the mere display of socially desirable behaviours does not make a good leader.Rather good leadership in the organisational structure should exhibit something more "genuine" and decisions based on a leaders courage to follow his or her own convictions.(Shamir and Eilam 2005) .According to Cooper et al (2005) this would indicate that we should be looking at leadership behaviours rather than styles like transformational, transactional, etc and there is a need to discuss how the leadership in promoting s uccess in contemporary organisations has to be multidimensional with regard to drawing from the elements such as traits, behaviors, and contexts.This